Let me tell you~他們喝起來真的沒有牛奶味@@
今天遇到一個病人,因為經口吃飯會嗆到,病人又拒放NG tube,但又不能不給營養,所以他只有兩個選擇:
1. 在胃部挖個洞做造口,PEG (Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy),好處是不用常常換管路、壞處是感染風險較高、日常照護需更加小心
2. 給靜脈營養,TPN(中央輸注)或PPN(周邊輸注)
總之病人在住院期間先選用PPN,給Bfluid
1000ml+ 台大5號x1
+ Amiyu 200ml (total daily 420+400+56=876Kcal),詳細成分與熱量請見下表。就這樣給了半個月,但是你發現了嗎?沒有給lipid,而且總熱量不夠啊,所以他的體重從52kg掉到48kg,根據之前介紹過的,臥床病人一天熱量需求是25 Kcal/kg/day x50kg大約是1250
Kcal,所以他還缺少約400Kcal須由lipid補足。
常見有smoflipid與Lipovenoes兩種選擇,基本上常使用smoflipid(20% 250ml/btl, 2 Kcal/ml, 500
Kcal/btl),因為含有魚油,可以降低發炎過敏症狀,一般成人建議1-2g/kg/day,流速應< 0.15 g/kg/hr。
對這個50kg的病人來說,一天需要50-100g的脂肪,或是總熱量的25-30%,或總需求熱量-蛋白-醣類=400Kcal,<
7.5 g/hr (37.5 ml/hr),所以我就建議給0.8 btl(400 Kcal) run 10hr
Smoflipid要注意:
l 一瓶最多可以run 24hr
l 需要獨立一條line給藥 (Osm<900,所以周邊或中央皆可)
l 給完24hr後就要換一條line,以免細菌感染
l 長期不給lipid的話,使的荷爾蒙合成下降、vit ADEK缺乏、總熱量不足、細胞生長變慢…
l 但也不可以給太多,一般給總熱量的30%或<1g/kg/day(高血糖或呼吸衰竭者可增量至60%或2.5g/kg/day) ,不然可能造成高血脂或是免疫下降,影響感染症的治療
l 禁忌症:對雞蛋、大豆或花生蛋白過敏、嚴重高血脂、嚴重肝腎功能不全、嚴重凝血異常、急性休克
l 輸注時要小心:急性肺水腫、水分過多、失代償性心臟機能衰竭
Parenteral Nutrition
Solution (2 in 1 premixed)
*CVC給藥 |
Electrolytes (mEq)/bag |
Glucose |
Amino Acid |
Fat |
Kcal |
mOsm |
mL |
||||||||
Na+ |
K+ |
Ca+2 |
Mg+2 |
Cl- |
P |
Acetate |
Zn (mg) |
B1 (mg) |
|||||||
Bfluid |
35 |
20 |
5 |
5 |
35 |
10 |
16 |
0.325 |
1.5 |
75 |
30 |
- |
420 |
~900 |
1000 |
Clinimix N17G35E * |
53 |
45 |
6.8 |
7.6 |
60 |
22.5 |
113 |
- |
- |
263 |
75 |
- |
1350 |
1625 |
1500 |
Nutriflex 1 L * |
40.5 |
25.7 |
8.2 |
10 |
49.5 |
14.7 |
22 |
- |
- |
240 |
70 |
- |
1240 |
2100 |
1000 |
Nutriflex 1.5 L * |
60.8 |
38.6 |
12.4 |
15 |
74.3 |
22.1 |
33 |
- |
- |
360 |
105 |
- |
1860 |
2100 |
1500 |
Amino Acid Injection
Amiyu |
Moriamin-SN |
Aminopoly-H |
Aminosteril
Infant |
Nephrosteril |
|
Total AA (%) |
7.4 |
10.0 |
7.115 |
10 |
7 |
BCAA/Total
AA (%) |
36 |
22.6 |
38.72 |
30 |
30.9 |
EAA/NEAA |
7.4/- |
1.09 |
3.615/3.500 |
1.02 |
1.37 |
Electrolytes (mEq/L) |
|||||
Na+ |
2.6 |
< 5 |
8 |
- |
- |
Cl- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Acetate- |
|
60 |
- |
59 |
71* |
Osmolarity
(mOsm/L) |
616 |
900 |
770 |
885 |
645 |
mL/btl |
200 |
1000 |
500 |
100 |
250 |
Fat Emulsion Injection
SMOFlipid |
Lipovenoes MCT |
Lipofundin MCT/LCT |
|
含脂肪量 |
20% |
20% |
10% |
Soybean oil (%) |
6.0 |
10.0 |
5.0 |
Medium chain triglycerides
(MCT) (%) |
6.0 |
10.0 |
5.0 |
Egg yolk phospho-lipids
(lecithin) (%) |
1.2 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
Fish oil (%) |
3.0 |
- |
- |
Olive oil (%) |
5.0 |
- |
- |
Glycerol (%) |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
pH |
8.0 |
6.5-8.7 |
6.5-8.8 |
Kcal/mL |
2 |
1.95 |
1 |
Osmolarity (mOsm/L) |
380 |
273 |
345 |
mL/btl |
250 |
250 |
250 |
Dextrose and
Electrolyte Solution
Electrolytes (mEq/L) |
Glucose g/L |
Kcal/L |
mOsm/L |
mL/btl |
|||||||
Na+ |
K+ |
Ca2+ |
Mg2+ |
Cl- |
Acetate |
Phosphate (mmol/L) |
|||||
Taita No.1 |
25 |
18 |
- |
3 |
20 |
20 |
6 |
38 |
152 |
300 |
500 |
Taita No.2 |
40 |
12 |
- |
- |
26 |
20 |
6 |
33 |
132 |
287 |
500 |
Taita No.3 |
75 |
12 |
- |
- |
61 |
20 |
6 |
20 |
80 |
285 |
500 |
Taita No.4 |
110 |
20 |
- |
- |
102 |
16 |
12 |
8 |
32 |
300 |
500 |
Taita No.5 |
36 |
18 |
- |
3 |
17 |
28 |
12 |
100 |
400 |
669 |
400 |
Parenteral Nutrition
Solution (3 in 1 premixed)皆CVC給藥
*CVC給藥 |
Electrolytes (mEq)/bag |
Glucose |
AA |
Fat |
Kcal |
mOsm |
mL |
|||||||
Na+ |
K+ |
Ca+2 |
Mg+2 |
Cl- |
P(mmol/ |
Acetate |
Zn (mg) |
|||||||
OliClinomel N7-1000E * |
48 |
36 |
6 |
6.6 |
72 |
15 |
86 |
- |
240 [53.3%] |
60 [13.3%] |
60 [33.3%] |
1800 |
1450 |
1500 |
SmofKabiven * |
60 |
45 |
7.6 |
15 |
52 |
19 |
157 |
3.9 |
187 [46.8%] |
75 [18.8%] |
56 [34.5%] |
1600 |
1500 |
1477 |
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